Introduction to Small Peptide Trace Mineral Chelates
Part 1 History of Trace Mineral Additives
It can be divided into four generations according to the development of trace mineral additives:
The first generation: Inorganic salts of trace minerals, such as copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, etc; The second generation: Organic acid salts of trace minerals, such as ferrous lactate, ferrous fumarate, copper citrate, etc.; The third generation: Amino acid chelate feed grade of trace minerals, such as zinc methionine, iron glycine and zinc glycine; The fourth generation: Protein salts and small peptide chelating salts of trace minerals, such as protein copper, protein iron, protein zinc, protein manganese, small peptide copper, small peptide iron, small peptide zinc, small peptide manganese, etc.
The first generation is inorganic trace minerals, and the second to fourth generations are organic trace minerals.
Part 2 Why Choose Small Peptide Chelates
Small peptide chelates has the following efficacy:
1. When small peptides chelate with metal ions, they are rich in forms and difficult to saturation;
2. It does not compete with amino acid channels, has more absorption sites and fast absorption speed;
3. Less energy consumption; 4. More deposits, high utilization rate and greatly improved animal production performance;
5. Antibacterial and antioxidant;
6. Immune regulation.
A large number of studies have shown that the above characteristics or effects of small peptide chelates make them have broad application prospects and development potential, so our company finally decided to take small peptide chelates as the focus of the company's organic trace mineral product research and development.
Part 3 Efficacy of small peptide chelates
1.The relationship among peptides, amino acids and proteins
The molecular weight of protein is over 10000;
The molecular weight of peptide is 150 ~ 10000;
Small peptides, which is also called small molecular peptides, consist of 2 ~ 4 amino acids;
The average molecular weight of amino acids is about 150.
2. Coordinating groups of amino acids and peptides chelated with metals
(1)Coordinating groups in amino acids
Coordinating groups in amino acids:
Amino and carboxyl groups on a-carbon;
Side chain groups of some a-amino acids, such as sulfhydryl group of cysteine, phenolic group of tyrosine and imidazole group of histidine.
(2) Coordinating groups in small peptides
Small peptides have more coordinating groups than amino acids. When they chelate with metal ions, they are easier to chelate, and can form multidentate chelation, which makes the chelate more stable.
3. Efficacy of small peptide chelate product
Theoretical basis of small peptide promoting absorption of trace minerals
The absorption characteristics of small peptides are the theoretical basis for promoting the absorption of trace elements. According to the traditional protein metabolism theory, what animals need for protein is what they need for various amino acids. However, in recent years, studies have shown that the utilization ratio of amino acids in feeds from different sources is different, and when animals are fed with a homozygous diet or a low protein amino acid balanced diet, the best production performance cannot be obtained (Baker, 1977; Pinchasov et al., 1990) [2,3]. Therefore, some scholars put forward the view that animals have special absorption capacity for intact protein itself or related peptides. Agar(1953)[4] first observed that the intestinal tract can completely absorb and transport diglycidyl. Since then, the researchers have put forward a convincing argument that small peptides can be absorbed completely, confirming that intact glycylglycine is transported and absorbed; A large number of small peptides can be directly absorbed into the systemic circulation in the form of peptides. Hara et al. (1984)[5] also pointed out that protein's digestive end products in the digestive tract are mostly small peptides rather than free amino acids (FAA). Small peptides can pass through intestinal mucosal cells completely and enter the systemic circulation (Le Guowei, 1996)[6].
Research Progress of Small Peptide Promoting Absorption of Trace Minerals, Qiao Wei, et al.
Small peptide chelates are transported and absorbed in the form of small peptides
According to the absorption and transport mechanism and characteristics of small peptides, trace minerals chelate with small peptides as main ligands may be transported as a whole, which is more conducive to the improvement of biological potency of trace minerals. (Qiao Wei, et al)
Efficacy of Small Peptide Chelates
1. When small peptides chelate with metal ions, they are rich in forms and difficult to saturation;
2. It does not compete with amino acid channels, has more absorption sites and fast absorption speed;
3. Less energy consumption;
4. More deposits, high utilization rate and greatly improved animal production performance;
5. Antibacterial and antioxidant; 6. Immune regulation.
4. Further understanding of peptides
Which of the two peptide users get more bang for the buck?
- Binding peptide
- Phosphopeptide
- Related reagents
- Antimicrobial peptide
- Immune peptide
- Neuropeptide
- Hormone peptide
- Antioxidant peptide
- Nutritional peptides
- Seasoning peptides
(1) Classification of peptides
(2) Physiological effects of peptides
- 1. Adjust the balance of water and electrolyte in the body;
- 2. Make antibodies against bacteria and infections for the immune system to improve immune function;
- 3. Promote wound healing; Rapid repair of epithelial tissue injury.
- 4. Making enzymes in the body helps to convert food into energy;
- 5. Repair cells, improve cell metabolism, prevent cell degeneration, and play a role in preventing cancer;
- 6. Promote the synthesis and regulation of protein and enzymes;
- 7. An important chemical messenger to communicate information between cells and organs;
- 8. Prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases;
- 9. Regulate the endocrine and nervous systems.
- 10. Improve the digestive system and treat the chronic gastrointestinal diseases;
- 11. Improve the diabetes, rheumatism, rheumatoid and other diseases.
- 12. Anti-viral infection, anti-aging, elimination of excess free radicals in the body.
- 13. Promote hematopoietic function, treat anemia, prevent platelet aggregation, which can improve the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood red blood cells.
- 14. Directly fight DNA viruses and target viral bacteria.
5. Dual nutritional function of small peptide chelates
The small peptide chelate enters the cell as a whole in the animal body, and then automatically breaks the chelation bond in the cell and decomposes into peptide and metal ions, which are respectively utilized by the animal to play dual nutritional functions, especially the peptide functional role.
Function of small peptide
- 1.Promote protein synthesis in animal muscle tissues, alleviate apoptosis, and promote animal growth
- 2.Improve intestinal flora structure and promote intestinal health
- 3.Provide carbon skeleton and increase the activity of digestive enzymes such as intestinal amylase and protease
- 4.Have anti-oxidative stress effects
- 5.Have anti-inflammatory properties
- 6.……
6. Advantages of small peptide chelates over amino acid chelates
| Amino acid chelated trace minerals | Small peptide chelated trace minerals | |
| Raw material cost | Single amino acid raw materials are expensive | China's keratin raw materials are abundant. Hair, hooves and horns in animal husbandry and protein wastewater and leather scraps in the chemical industry are high-quality and cheap protein raw materials. |
| Absorption effect | Amino and carboxyl groups are involved simultaneously in the chelation of amino acids and metal elements, forming a bicyclic endocannabinoid structure similar to that of dipeptides, with no free carboxyl groups present, which can only be absorbed through the oligopeptide system. (Su Chunyang et al., 2002) | When small peptides participate in chelation, a single ring chelation structure is generally formed by the terminal amino group and adjacent peptide bond oxygen, and the chelate retains a free carboxyl group, which can be absorbed through the dipeptide system, with much higher absorption intensity than the oligopeptide system. |
| Stability | Metal ions with one or more five-membered or six-membered rings of amino groups, carboxyl groups, imidazole groups, phenol groups, and sulfhydryl groups. | In addition to the five existing coordination groups of amino acids, carbonyl and imino groups in small peptides can also be involved in coordination, thus making small peptide chelates more stable than amino acid chelates.（Yang Pin et al., 2002） |
7. Advantages of small peptide chelates over glycolic acid and methionine chelates
| Glycine chelated trace minerals | Methionine chelated trace minerals | Small peptide chelated trace minerals | |
| Coordination form | The carboxyl and amino groups of glycine can be coordinated to metal ions. | The carboxyl and amino groups of methionine can be coordinated to metal ions. | When chelated with metal ions, it is rich in coordination forms and not easily saturated. |
| Nutritional function | The types and functions of amino acids are single. | The types and functions of amino acids are single. | The rich variety of amino acids provides more comprehensive nutrition, while the small peptides can function accordingly. |
| Absorption effect | Glycine chelates have no free carboxyl groups present and have slow absorption effect. | Methionine chelates have no free carboxyl groups present and have slow absorption effect. | The small peptide chelates formed contain the presence of free carboxyl groups and have fast absorption effect. |
Part 4 Trade Name “Small Peptide-mineral Chelates”
Small Peptide-mineral Chelates, as the name suggests, is easy to chelate.
It implies small peptide ligands, which are not easily saturated due to the large number of coordinating groups, Easy to form multidentate chelate with metal elements, with good stability.
Part 5 Introduction to Small Peptide-mineral Chelates Series Products
1. Small peptide trace mineral chelated copper (trade name: Copper Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade)
2. Small peptide trace mineral chelated iron (trade name: Ferrous Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade)
3. Small peptide trace mineral chelated zinc (trade name: Zinc Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade)
4. Small peptide trace mineral chelated manganese (trade name: Manganese Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade)
Copper Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
Ferrous Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
Zinc Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
Manganese Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
1. Copper Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- Product Name: Copper Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- Appearance: Brownish green granules
- Physicochemical parameters
a) Copper: ≥ 10.0%
b) Total amino acids: ≥ 20.0%
c) Chelation rate: ≥ 95%
d) Arsenic: ≤ 2 mg/kg
e) Lead: ≤ 5 mg/kg
f) Cadmium: ≤ 5 mg/kg
g) Moisture content: ≤ 5.0%
h) Fineness: All particles pass through 20 mesh, with a main particle size of 60-80 mesh
n=0,1,2,... indicates chelated copper for dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides
Diglycerin
Structure of small peptide chelates
Characteristics of Copper Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- This product is an all-organic trace mineral chelated by a special chelating proces with pure plant enzymatic small molecule peptides as chelating substrates and trace elements
- This product is chemically stable and can significantly reduce its damage to vitamins and fats, etc.
- The use of this product is conducive to improving feed quality. The product is absorbed through small peptide and amino acid pathways, reducing the competition and antagonism with other trace elements, and has the best bio-absorption and utilization rate.
- Copper is the main component of red blood cells, connective tissue, bone, involved in the body of a variety of enzymes, enhance the body's immune function, antibiotic effect, can increase daily weight gain, improve feed remuneration.
Usage and Efficacy of Copper Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
| Application object | Suggested dosage (g/t full-value material) | Content in full-value feed (mg/kg) | Efficacy |
| Sow | 400～700 | 60～105 | 1. Improve the reproductive performance and utilization years of sows;
2. Increase the vitality of fetuses and piglets; 3. Improve the immunity and resistance to diseases. |
| Piglet | 300～600 | 45～90 | 1. Beneficial for improving hematopoietic and immune functions, enhancing stress resistance and disease resistance;
2. Increase growth rate and significantly improve feed efficiency. |
| Fattening pigs | 125 | January 18.5 | |
| Bird | 125 | January 18.5 | 1. Improve stress resistance and reduce mortality;
2. Improve feed compensation and increase growth rate. |
| Aquatic animals | Fish 40～70 | 6～10.5 | 1. Promote growth, improve feed compensation;
2. Anti-stress, reduce morbidity and mortality. |
| Shrimp 150～200 | 22.5～30 | ||
| Ruminant animal g/head day | January 0.75 | 1. Prevent tibial joint deformation, “concave back” movement disorder, wobbler, heart muscle damage;
2. Prevent hair or coat keratinization, become hard hair, lose normal curvature, prevent the emergence of “gray spots” in the eye circle; 3. Prevent weight loss, diarrhea, milk production Decrease. |
2. Ferrous Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- Product Name: Ferrous Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- Appearance: Brownish green granules
- Physicochemical parameters
a) Iron: ≥ 10.0%
b) Total amino acids: ≥ 19.0%
c) Chelation rate: ≥ 95%
d) Arsenic: ≤ 2 mg/kg
e) Lead: ≤ 5 mg/kg
f) Cadmium: ≤ 5 mg/kg
g) Moisture content: ≤ 5.0%
h) Fineness: All particles pass through 20 mesh, with a main particle size of 60-80 mesh
n=0,1,2,...indicates chelated zinc for dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides
Characteristics of Ferrous Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- This product is an organic trace mineral chelated by a special chelating proces with pure plant enzymatic small molecule peptides as chelating substrates and trace elements;
- This product is chemically stable and can significantly reduce its damage to vitamins and fats, etc. The use of this product is conducive to improving feed quality;
- The product is absorbed through small peptide and amino acid pathways, reducing the competition and antagonism with other trace elements, and has the best bio-absorption and utilization rate;
- This product can pass through the barrier of placenta and mammary gland, make the fetus healthier, increase the birth weight and weaning weight, and reduce the mortality rate; Iron is an important component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, which can effectively prevent iron-deficiency anemia and its complications.
Usage and Efficacy of Ferrous Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
| Application object | Suggested dosage
(g/t full-value material) |
Content in full-value feed (mg/kg) | Efficacy |
| Sow | 300～800 | 45～120 | 1. Improve the reproductive performance and utilization life of sows;
2. improve that birth weight, weaning weight and uniformity of piglet for better production performance in the later period; 3. Improve iron storage in suckling pigs and iron concentration in milk to prevent iron-deficiency anemia in suckling pigs. |
| Piglets and fattening pigs | Piglets 300～600 | 45～90 | 1. Improving the immunity of piglets, enhancing the disease resistance and improving the survival rate;
2. Increase growth rate, improve feed conversion, increase weaning litter weight and uniformity, and reduce the incidence of disease pigs; 3. Improve myoglobin and myoglobin level, prevent and treat iron-deficiency anemia, make pig skin ruddy and obviously improve meat color. |
| Fattening pigs 200～400 | 30～60 | ||
| Bird | 300～400 | 45～60 | 1. Improve feed conversion, increase growth rate, improve anti-stress ability and reduce mortality;
2. Improve the egg laying rate, reduce the broken egg rate and deepen the color of the yolk; 3. Improve the fertilization rate and hatching rate of breeding eggs and the survival rate of young poultry. |
| Aquatic animals | 200～300 | 30～45 | 1. Promote growth, improve feed conversion;
2. Improve anti-stress abolity, reduce morbidity and mortality. |
3. Zinc Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- Product Name: Zinc Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- Appearance: brownish-yellow granules
- Physicochemical parameters
a) Zinc: ≥ 10.0%
b) Total amino acids: ≥ 20.5%
c) Chelation rate: ≥ 95%
d) Arsenic: ≤ 2 mg/kg
e) Lead: ≤ 5 mg/kg
f) Cadmium: ≤ 5 mg/kg
g) Moisture content: ≤ 5.0%
h) Fineness: All particles pass through 20 mesh, with a main particle size of 60-80 mesh
n=0,1,2,...indicates chelated zinc for dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides
Characteristics of Zinc Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
This product is an all-organic trace mineral chelated by a special chelating proces with pure plant enzymatic small molecule peptides as chelating substrates and trace elements;
This product is chemically stable and can significantly reduce its damage to vitamins and fats, etc.
The use of this product is conducive to improving feed quality; The product is absorbed through small peptide and amino acid pathways, reducing the competition and antagonism with other trace elements, and has the best bio-absorption and utilization rate;
This product can improve immunity, promote growth, increase feed conversion and improve fur gloss;
Zinc is an important component of more than 200 enzymes, epithelial tissue, ribose and gustatin. It promotes the rapid proliferation of taste bud cells in tongue mucosa and regulate appetite; inhibits harmful intestinal bacteria; and has the function of antibiotics, which can improve the secretion function of digestive system and the activity of enzymes in tissues and cells.
Usage and Efficacy of Zinc Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
| Application object | Suggested dosage
(g/t full-value material) |
Content in full-value feed (mg/kg) | Efficacy |
| Pregnant and lactating sows | 300～500 | 45～75 | 1. Improve the reproductive performance and utilization life of sows;
2. Improve the vitality of fetus and piglets, enhance disease resistance, and make them have better production performance in the later stage; 3. Improve the physical condition of pregnant sows and the birth weight of piglets. |
| Sucking piglet, piglet and growing-fattening pigs | 250～400 | 37.5～60 | 1. Improving the immunity of piglets, reducing diarrhea and mortality;
2. Improving palatability, increasing feed intake, increasing growth rate and improving feed conversion; 3. Make the pig coat bright and improve the carcass quality and meat quality. |
| Bird | 300～400 | 45～60 | 1. Improve feather glossiness;
2. improve the laying rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate of breeding eggs, and strengthen the coloring ability of egg yolk; 3. Improve anti-stress ability and reduce mortality; 4. Improve feed conversion and increase growth rate. |
| Aquatic animals | January 300 | 45 | 1. Promote growth, improve feed conversion;
2. Improve anti-stress abolity, reduce morbidity and mortality. |
| Ruminant animal g/head day | 2.4 | 1. Improve milk yield, prevent mastitis and foof rot, and reduce somatic cell content in milk;
2. Promote growth, improve feed conversion and improve meat quality. |
4. Manganese Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- Product Name: Manganese Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
- Appearance: brownish-yellow granules
- Physicochemical parameters
a) Mn: ≥ 10.0%
b) Total amino acids: ≥ 19.5%
c) Chelation rate: ≥ 95%
d) Arsenic: ≤ 2 mg/kg
e) Lead: ≤ 5 mg/kg
f) Cadmium: ≤ 5 mg/kg
g) Moisture content: ≤ 5.0%
h) Fineness: All particles pass through 20 mesh, with a main particle size of 60-80 mesh
n=0, 1,2,...indicates chelated manganese for dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides
Characteristics of Manganese Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
This product is an all-organic trace mineral chelated by a special chelating proces with pure plant enzymatic small molecule peptides as chelating substrates and trace elements;
This product is chemically stable and can significantly reduce its damage to vitamins and fats, etc. The use of this product is conducive to improving feed quality;
The product is absorbed through small peptide and amino acid pathways, reducing the competition and antagonism with other trace elements, and has the best bio-absorption and utilization rate;
The product can improve the growth rate, improve feed conversion and health status significantly; and improve the laying rate, hatching rate and healthy chick rate of breeding poultry obviously;
Manganese is necessary for bone growth and connective tissue maintenance. It is closely related to many enzymes; and participates in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, reproduction and immune response.
Usage and Efficacy of Manganese Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade
| Application object | Suggested dosage (g/t full-value material) | Content in full-value feed (mg/kg) | Efficacy |
| Breeding pig | 200～300 | 30～45 | 1. Promote the normal development of sexual organs and improve sperm motility;
2. Improve the reproductive capacity of breeding pigs and reduce reproductive obstacles. |
| Piglets and fattening pigs | 100～250 | 15～37.5 | 1. It is beneficial to improve immune functions, and improve anti-stress ability and disease resistance;
2. Promote growth and improve feed conversion significantly; 3. Improve meat color and quality, and improve lean meat percentage. |
| Bird | 250～350 | 37.5～52.5 | 1. Improve anti-stress ability and reduce mortality;
2. Improve laying rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate of breeding eggs, improve eggshell quality and reduce shell breaking rate; 3. Promote bone growth and reduce the incidence of leg diseases. |
| Aquatic animals | 100～200 | 15～30 | 1. Promote growth and improve its anti-stress ability and disease resistance;
2. Improve sperm motility and hatching rate of fertilized eggs. |
| Ruminant animal g/head day | Cattle 1.25 | 1. Prevent fatty acid synthesis disorder and bone tissue damage;
2. Improve reproductive capacity, prevent abortion and postpartum paralysis of female animals, reduce the mortality of calves and lambs, and increase the newborn weight of young animals. |
|
| Goat 0.25 |
Part 6 FAB of Small Peptide-mineral Chelates
| S/N | F: Functional attributes | A: Competitive differences | B: Benefits brought by competitive differences to users |
| 1 | Selectivity control of raw materials | Select pure plant enzymatic hydrolysis of small peptides | High biological safety, avoiding cannibalism |
| 2 | Directional digestion technology for double protein biological enzyme | High proportion of small molecular peptides | More "targets", which are not easy to saturation, with high biological activity and better stability |
| 3 | Advanced pressure spray & drying technology | Granular product, with uniform particle size, better fluidity, not easy to absorb moisture | Ensure easy to use, more uniform mixing in complete feed |
| Low water content (≤ 5%), which greatly reduces the influence caused by vitamins and enzyme preparations | Improve the stability of feed products | ||
| 4 | Advanced production control technology | Totally enclosed process, high degree of automatic control | Safe and stable quality |
| 5 | Advanced quality control technology | Establish and improve scientific and advanced analytical methods and control means for detecting factors affecting product quality, such as acid-soluble protein, molecular weight distribution, amino acids and chelating rate | Ensure quality, ensure efficiency and improve efficiency |
Part 7 Competitor Comparison
Standard VS Standard
Comparison of peptide distribution and chelation rate of products
| Sustar's products | Proportion of small peptides（180-500） | Zinpro's products | Proportion of small peptides（180-500） |
| AA-Cu | ≥74% | AVAILA-Cu | 78% |
| AA-Fe | ≥48% | AVAILA-Fe | 59% |
| AA-Mn | ≥33% | AVAILA-Mn | 53% |
| AA-Zn | ≥37% | AVAILA-Zn | 56% |
| Sustar's products | Chelation rate | Zinpro's products | Chelation rate |
| AA-Cu | 94.8% | AVAILA-Cu | 94.8% |
| AA-Fe | 95.3% | AVAILA-Fe | 93.5% |
| AA-Mn | 94.6% | AVAILA-Mn | 94.6% |
| AA-Zn | 97.7% | AVAILA-Zn | 90.6% |
The ratio of small peptides of Sustar is slightly lower than that of Zinpro, and the chelation rate of Sustar's products is slightly higher than that of Zinpro's products.
Comparison of the content of 17 amino acids in different products
| Name of
amino acids |
Sustar's Copper
Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade |
Zinpro's
AVAILA copper |
Sustar's Ferrous Amino Acid C
helate Feed Grade |
Zinpro's AVAILA
iron |
Sustar's Manganese
Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade |
Zinpro's AVAILA
manganese |
Sustar's Zinc
Amino Acid Chelate Feed Grade |
Zinpro's AVAILA
zinc |
| aspartic acid (%) | 1.88 | 0.72 | 1.50 | 0.56 | 1.78 | 1.47 | 1.80 | 2.09 |
| glutamic acid (%) | 4.08 | 6.03 | 4.23 | 5.52 | 4.22 | 5.01 | 4.35 | 3.19 |
| Serine (%) | 0.86 | 0.41 | 1.08 | 0.19 | 1.05 | 0.91 | 1.03 | 2.81 |
| Histidine (%) | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 0.13 | 0.64 | 0.42 | 0.61 | 0.00 |
| Glycine (%) | 1.96 | 4.07 | 1.34 | 2.49 | 1.21 | 0.55 | 1.32 | 2.69 |
| Threonine (%) | 0.81 | 0.00 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.59 | 1.24 | 1.11 |
| Arginine (%) | 1.05 | 0.78 | 1.05 | 0.29 | 1.43 | 0.54 | 1.20 | 1.89 |
| Alanine (%) | 2.85 | 1.52 | 2.33 | 0.93 | 2.40 | 1.74 | 2.42 | 1.68 |
| Tyrosinase (%) | 0.45 | 0.29 | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0.58 | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.66 |
| Cystinol (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
| Valine (%) | 1.45 | 1.14 | 1.31 | 0.42 | 1.20 | 1.03 | 1.32 | 2.62 |
| Methionine (%) | 0.35 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.43 | January 0.75 | 0.44 |
| Phenylalanine (%) | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0.82 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 1.22 | 0.86 | 1.37 |
| Isoleucine (%) | 0.87 | 0.55 | 0.83 | 0.33 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 1.32 |
| Leucine (%) | 2.16 | 0.90 | 2.00 | 1.43 | 1.84 | 3.29 | 2.19 | 2.20 |
| Lysine (%) | 0.67 | 2.67 | 0.62 | 1.65 | 0.81 | 0.29 | 0.79 | 0.62 |
| Proline (%) | 2.43 | 1.65 | 1.98 | 0.73 | 1.88 | 1.81 | 2.43 | 2.78 |
| Total amino acids (%) | 23.2 | 21.4 | 22.2 | 16.1 | 22.3 | 20.8 | 23.9 | 27.5 |
Overall, the proportion of amino acids in Sustar's products is higher than that in Zinpro's products.
Part 8 Effects of use
Effects of different sources of trace minerals on the production performance and egg quality of laying hens in the late laying period
Production Process
- Targeted chelation technology
- Shear emulsification technology
- Pressure spray & drying technology
- Refrigeration & dehumidification technology
- Advanced environmental control technology
Appendix A: Methods for the Determination of relative molecular mass distribution of peptides
Adoption of standard: GB/T 22492-2008
1 Test Principle:
It was determined by high performance gel filtration chromatography. That is to say, using porous filler as stationary phase, based on the difference in the relative molecular mass size of the sample components for separation, detected at the peptide bond of the ultraviolet absorption wavelength of 220nm, using the dedicated data processing software for the determination of relative molecular mass distribution by gel filtration chromatography (i.e., the GPC software), the chromatograms and their data were processed, calculated to get the size of the relative molecular mass of the soybean peptide and the distribution range.
2. Reagents
The experimental water should meet the specification of secondary water in GB/T6682, the use of reagents, except for special provisions, are analytically pure.
2.1 Reagents include acetonitrile (chromatographically pure), trifluoroacetic acid (chromatographically pure),
2.2 Standard substances used in the calibration curve of relative molecular mass distribution: insulin, mycopeptides, glycine-glycine-tyrosine-arginine, glycine-glycine-glycine
3 Instrument and equipment
3.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC): a chromatographic workstation or integrator with a UV detector and GPC data processing software.
3.2 Mobile phase vacuum filtration and degassing unit.
3.3 Electronic balance: graduated value 0.000 1g.
4 Operating steps
4.1 Chromatographic conditions and system adaptation experiments (reference conditions)
4.1.1 Chromatographic column: TSKgelG2000swxl300 mm×7.8 mm (inner diameter) or other gel columns of the same type with similar performance suitable for the determination of proteins and peptides.
4.1.2 Mobile phase: Acetonitrile + water + trifluoroacetic acid = 20 + 80 + 0.1.
4.1.3 Detection wavelength: 220 nm.
4.1.4 Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min.
4.1.5 Detection time: 30 min.
4.1.6 Sample injection volume: 20μL.
4.1.7 Column temperature: room temperature.
4.1.8 In order to make the chromatographic system meet the detection requirements, it was stipulated that under the above chromatographic conditions, the gel chromatographic column efficiency, i.e., the theoretical number of plates (N), was not less than 10000 calculated on the basis of the peaks of the tripeptide standard (Glycine-Glycine-Glycine).
4.2 Production of relative molecular mass standard curves
The above different relative molecular mass peptide standard solutions with a mass concentration of 1 mg / mL were prepared by mobile phase matching, mixed in a certain proportion, and then filtered through an organic phase membrane with the pore size of 0.2 μm~0.5 μm and injected into the sample, and then the chromatograms of the standards were obtained. Relative molecular mass calibration curves and their equations were obtained by plotting the logarithm of relative molecular mass against retention time or by linear regression.
4.3 Sample treatment
Accurately weigh 10mg of sample in a 10mL volumetric flask, add a little mobile phase, ultrasonic shaking for 10min, so that the sample is fully dissolved and mixed, diluted with mobile phase to the scale, and then filtered through an organic phase membrane with a pore size of 0.2μm~0.5μm, and the filtrate was analyzed according to the chromatographic conditions in A.4.1.
5. Calculation of relative molecular mass distribution
After analyzing the sample solution prepared in 4.3 under the chromatographic conditions of 4.1, the relative molecular mass of the sample and its distribution range can be obtained by substituting the chromatographic data of the sample into the calibration curve 4.2 with GPC data processing software. The distribution of the relative molecular masses of the different peptides can be calculated by the peak area normalization method, according to the formula: X=A/A total×100
In the formula: X - The mass fraction of a relative molecular mass peptide in the total peptide in the sample, %;
A - Peak area of a relative molecular mass peptide;
Total A - the sum of the peak areas of each relative molecular mass peptide, calculated to one decimal place.
6 Repeatability
The absolute difference between two independent determinations obtained under conditions of repeatability shall not exceed 15% of the arithmetic mean of the two determinations.
Appendix B: Methods for the Determination of Free Amino Acids
Adoption of standard: Q/320205 KAVN05-2016
1.2 Reagents and materials
Glacial acetic acid: analytically pure
Perchloric acid: 0.0500 mol/L
Indicator: 0.1% crystal violet indicator (glacial acetic acid)
2. Determination of free amino acids
The samples were dried at 80°C for 1 hour.
Place the sample in a dry container to cool naturally to room temperature or cool down to a usable temperature.
Weigh approximately 0.1 g of sample (accurate to 0.001 g) into a 250 mL dry conical flask.
Quickly proceed to the next step to avoid the sample from absorbing ambient moisture
Add 25 mL of glacial acetic acid and mix well for no more than 5 min.
Add 2 drops of crystal violet indicator
Titrate with 0.0500 mol / L (±0.001) standard titration solution of perchloric acid until the solution changes from purple to the end point.
Record the volume of standard solution consumed.
Carry out the blank test at the same time.
3. Calculation and results
The free amino acid content X in the reagent is expressed as a mass fraction (%) and is calculated according to the formula: X = C × (V1-V0) × 0.1445/M × 100%, in tne formula:
C - Concentration of standard perchloric acid solution in moles per liter (mol/L)
V1 - Volume used for titration of samples with standard perchloric acid solution, in milliliters (mL).
Vo - Volume used for titration blank with standard perchloric acid solution, in milliliters (mL);
M - Mass of the sample, in grams (g ).
0.1445: Average mass of amino acids equivalent to 1.00 mL of standard perchloric acid solution [c (HClO4) = 1.000 mol / L].
Appendix C: Methods for the Determination of Sustar's chelation rate
Adoption of standards: Q/70920556 71-2024
1. Determination principle (Fe as an example)
Amino acid iron complexes have very low solubility in anhydrous ethanol and free metal ions are soluble in anhydrous ethanol, the difference in solubility between the two in anhydrous ethanol was utilized to determine the chelation rate of amino acid iron complexes.
2. Reagents & Solutions
Anhydrous ethanol; the rest is the same as clause 4.5.2 in GB/T 27983-2011.
3. Steps of analysis
Do two trials in parallel. Weigh 0.1g of the sample dried at 103±2℃ for 1 hour, accurate to 0.0001g, add 100mL of anhydrous ethanol to dissolve, filter, filter residue washed with 100mL of anhydrous ethanol for at least three times, then transfer the residue into a 250mL conical flask, add 10mL of sulfuric acid solution according to clause 4.5.3 in GB/T27983-2011, and then perform the following steps according to clause 4.5.3 “Heat to dissolve and then let cool” in GB/T27983-2011. Carry out the blank test at the same time.
4. Determination of total iron content
4.1 The principle of determination is the same as clause 4.4.1 in GB/T 21996-2008.
4.2. Reagents & Solutions
4.2.1 Mixed acid: Add 150mL of sulfuric acid and 150mL of phosphoric acid to 700mL of water and mix well.
4.2.2 Sodium diphenylamine sulfonate indicator solution: 5g/L, prepared according to GB/T603.
4.2.3 Cerium sulfate standard titration solution: concentration c [Ce (SO4) 2] = 0.1 mol/L, prepared according to GB/T601.
4.3 Steps of analysis
Do two trials in parallel. Weigh 0.1g of sample, accurate to 020001g, place in a 250mL conical flask, add 10mL of mixed acid, after dissolution, add 30ml of water and 4 drops of sodium dianiline sulfonate indicator solution, and then perform the following steps according to clause 4.4.2 in GB/T21996-2008. Carry out the blank test at the same time.
4.4 Representation of results
The total iron content X1 of the amino acid iron complexes in terms of mass fraction of iron, the value expressed in %, was calculated according to formula (1):
X1=(V-V0)×C×M×10-3×100
In the formula: V - volume of cerium sulfate standard solution consumed for titration of test solution, mL;
V0 - cerium sulfate standard solution consumed for titration of blank solution, mL;
C - Actual concentration of cerium sulfate standard solution, mol/L
5. Calculation of iron content in chelates
The iron content X2 in the chelate in terms of the mass fraction of iron, the value expressed in %, was calculated according to the formula: x2 = ((V1-V2) × C × 0.05585)/m1 × 100
In the formula: V1 - volume of cerium sulfate standard solution consumed for titration of test solution, mL;
V2 - cerium sulfate standard solution consumed for titration of blank solution, mL;
C - Actual concentration of cerium sulfate standard solution, mol/L;
0.05585 - mass of ferrous iron expressed in grams equivalent to 1.00 mL of cerium sulfate standard solution C[Ce(SO4)2.4H20] = 1.000 mol/L.
m1-Mass of the sample, g. Take the arithmetic mean of the parallel determination results as the determination results, and the absolute difference of the parallel determination results is not more than 0.3%.
6. Calculation of chelation rate
Chelation rate X3, the value expressed in %, X3 = X2/X1 × 100
Appendix C: Methods for the Determination of Zinpro's chelation rate
Adoption of standard: Q/320205 KAVNO7-2016
1. Reagents and materials
a) Glacial acetic acid: analytically pure; b) Perchloric acid: 0.0500mol/L; c) Indicator: 0.1% crystal violet indicator (glacial acetic acid)
2. Determination of free amino acids
2.1 The samples were dried at 80°C for 1 hour.
2.2 Place the sample in a dry container to cool naturally to room temperature or cool down to a usable temperature.
2.3 Weigh approximately 0.1 g of sample (accurate to 0.001 g) into a 250 mL dry conical flask
2.4 Quickly proceed to the next step to avoid the sample from absorbing ambient moisture.
2.5 Add 25mL of glacial acetic acid and mix well for no more than 5min.
2.6 Add 2 drops of crystal violet indicator.
2.7 Titrate with 0.0500mol/L (±0.001) standard titration solution of perchloric acid until the solution changes from purple to green for 15s without changing color as the end point.
2.8 Record the volume of standard solution consumed.
2.9 Carry out the blank test at the same time.
3. Calculation and results
The free amino acid content X in the reagent is expressed as a mass fraction (%), calculated according to formula (1): X=C×(V1-V0) ×0.1445/M×100%...... .......(1)
In the formula: C - concentration of standard perchloric acid solution in moles per liter (mol/L)
V1 - Volume used for titration of samples with standard perchloric acid solution, in milliliters (mL).
Vo - Volume used for titration blank with standard perchloric acid solution, in milliliters (mL);
M - Mass of the sample, in grams (g ).
0.1445 - Average mass of amino acids equivalent to 1.00 mL of standard perchloric acid solution [c (HClO4) = 1.000 mol / L].
4. Calculation of chelation rate
The chelation rate of the sample is expressed as mass fraction (%), calculated according to formula (2): chelation rate = (total amino acid content - free amino acid content)/total amino acid content×100%.
Post time: Sep-17-2025
