Common Micronutrient Deficiencies in Calves and Lambs Farming and Suggestions for Supplementation
1. Iron
Iron deficiency can cause anemia in calves and lambs, with pale mucous membranes, listlessness, stunted growth and weakened immunity.
Incidence stage: This is mainly seen in suckling calves and lambs during the lactation period, especially in housed animals that are exclusively breastfed and have no access to soil or supplementary feed. This is because the iron content in breast milk is very low.
Products recommended for iron supplementation
		    
			
		    
			2.Zinc
Zinc deficiency can cause incomplete keratinization of the skin of calves and lambs, thickening of the skin, cracking, and hair loss, especially around the mouth, eyes, ears, scrotum and the hind limbs.
Zinc deficiency can hinder the growth and development of calves and lambs, reduce their appetite, decrease their feed intake, and result in slow weight gain.
Zinc deficiency can cause hoof problems in calves and lambs, such as deformed and cracked hooves, which can easily lead to laminitis.
Zinc deficiency can damage the immune function of calves and lambs, cause atrophy of the thymus, reduction of lymphocytes, and make them prone to infection.
Products recommended for Zinc supplementation
3. Selenium and VE(both synergistic effects, often considered together)
Deficiency of selenium and vitamin E can lead to scrotal myopathy in calves and lambs, which is the most typical and severe disease. It is characterized by degeneration and necrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscles, with affected animals experiencing difficulty in walking, lameness, and unsteady standing. In severe cases, they may even die suddenly due to heart failure.
Deficiency of selenium and vitamin E can lead to retarded growth and development, lethargy and slow weight gain in calves and lambs.
Deficiency of selenium and vitamin E can lead to low immunity in calves and lambs , making them prone to respiratory and digestive tract diseases, and resulting in poor vaccine immunization effects.
Epidemic stage: This is mainly observed in young calves and lambs that are growing rapidly, especially in animals fed with forage purchased from areas deficient in selenium (such as large areas in Northeast and Southwest China).
Products recommended for Selenium and VE supplementation
		    
			
		    
			4.Copper
Copper deficiency can cause anemia in calves and lambs, similar to iron deficiency anemia, but iron supplementation is ineffective. The symptoms include pale mucous membranes and retarded growth and development.
Copper deficiency can cause abnormal bone development in calves and lambs, with swollen joints, fragile bones prone to fractures, and stiff gait.
Copper deficiency can cause the wool color of calves and lambs  to fade. For black-haired cattle and sheep, the wool color will become rough and faded, turning to a rusty red or gray (especially around the eyes).
Copper deficiency can cause diarrhea in calves and lambs, both persistent and intermittent. The effect of anti-parasitic treatment is poor.
Copper deficiency can cause cardiovascular problems in calves and lambs. In severe cases, it can lead to heart failure (also known as "downer disease").
Products recommended for Copper supplementation
5.Iodine
Iodine deficiency can cause goiter in calves and lambs, with a significantly enlarged thyroid gland visible on the ventral side of the neck (referred to as "goiter disease").
Products recommended for Iodine supplementation
		    
			
		    
			6.Manganese
Manganese deficiency can cause skeletal deformities in calves and lambs, with swollen joints, short and curved leg bones, and unsteady gait ("limping").
Manganese deficiency can cause ataxia in newborn lambs and lambs: Due to abnormal development of the inner ear bones, the sense of balance is lost.
Products recommended for Copper supplementation
7. Cobalt
Cobalt deficiency in cattle and sheep is actually due to insufficient vitamin B12 synthesis due to cobalt deficiency. Vitamin B12 is required for rumen microbial and body metabolism in ruminants.
The main symptoms are progressive wasting, loss of appetite, anemia, rough coat, and decreased productivity, commonly known as "wasting disease". Lambs and calves showed growth arrest.
Products recommended for Cobalt supplementation
		    
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