Common Micronutrient Deficiencies in Shrimp, Crab, Shellfish Farming and Suggestions for Supplementation
1. Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is the main component of carapace. Phosphorus is involved in energy metabolism (ATP) and chitin synthesis. The two complement each other, and the ratio (Ca:P is usually 1:1 to 1.5:1) is important.
Lack of symptoms:
Soft shell disease: The new shell cannot harden for a long time after the shell is shed.
Ghost failure: Failure to escape from the old shell, resulting in death.
Slow growth: because it is unable to shed the shell and grow normally.
The carapath is rough and dull in color.
Products recommended for Calcium and Phosphorus supplementation
		    
			
		    
			2.Zinc
Zinc is a core component of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that is essential for calcium deposition and carapace formation. It is also involved in protein synthesis and the regulation of decidual hormones.
Lack of symptoms:
Exuviation syndrome: prolonged period of exuviation and high mortality after exuviation.
The carapaces were poorly developed with depressions or spots.
Decreased immunity, prone to disease.
Products recommended for Zinc supplementation
3. Magnesium
Magnesium (Mg) is a component of the caraphim and an activator of various enzymes involved in carbohydrate and calcium metabolism. It can promote the absorption of calcium by shrimp and crabs.
Lack of symptoms:
It can also cause soft shell and exuviate difficult.
Loss of appetite and growth arrest.
Muscle relaxation and poor mobility.
Products recommended for Magnesium supplementation
		    
			
		    
			4.Copper
Copper is a constituent of hemocyanin and is involved in respiration and immunity. However, it should be noted that copper is highly toxic to shrimp and crabs, and supplementation must be carried out with extreme caution, usually the amount naturally present in the water is sufficient.
Lack of symptoms: (rare) decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, poor growth.
Products recommended for Copper supplementation
5.Manganese and Potassium
Manganese: Involved in the enzyme system to promote growth and development and carbohydrate metabolism. Growth is arrested in deficiency.
Potassium: maintenance of osmotic pressure and neuromuscular excitability. Caution is required in low salinity or freshwater aquaculture.
Products recommended for Manganese and potassium supplementation
		    
			
		    
			6.Iron
Iron is a core component of hemocyanin and is responsible for oxygen transport. The respiration and energy metabolism of prawn crabs are essential.
Lack of symptoms:
Poor vitality and difficulty breathing.
The growth is slow and the body is pale.
Low immunity.
Products recommended for iron supplementation
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In order to promote and influence the development of livestock industry at home and abroad, Xuzhou Animal Nutrition Institute , Tongshan District Government, Sichuan Agricultural University and Jiangsu Sustar, the four sides established Xuzhou Lianzhi Biotechnology Research Institute in December 2019.
Professor Yu Bing of Animal Nutrition Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University served as the dean, Professor Zheng Ping and Professor Tong Gaogao served as the deputy dean. Many professors of Animal Nutrition Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University helped the expert team to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the animal husbandry industry and promote the development of the industry.
		    
			
		    
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Copper sulfate-15,000 tons/year
TBCC -6,000 tons/year
TBZC -6,000 tons/year
Potassium chloride -7,000 tons/year
Glycine chelate series -7,000 tons/year
Small peptide chelate series-3,000 tons/year
Manganese sulfate -20,000 tons /year
Ferrous sulfate-20,000 tons/year
Zinc sulfate -20,000 tons/year
Premix (Vitamin/Minerals)-60,000 tons/year
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