Tribasic Copper Chloride TBCC Copper Trihydroxyl Chloride Copper Hydroxychloride Hidroxicloruro De Cobre Basico Animal Feed Additive
As a leading enterprise in the production of animal trace elements in China, SUSTAR has received widespread recognition from customers both domestically and internationally for its high-quality products and efficient services. The tribasic copper chloride produced by SUSTAR not only comes from superior raw materials but also undergoes more advanced production processes compared to other similar factories.
Physiological Function of Copper
1.Function as a component of the enzyme: It plays important roles in pigmentation, neurotransmission and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids.
2.Promote red blood cell formation: It promotes the synthesis of heme and the maturation of red blood cells by maintaining the normal metabolism of iron.
3.Involve in the formation of blood vessels and bones: Copper is involved in the synthesis of collagen and elastin, promotes the composition of bones, maintains the elasticity of blood vessels and the ossification of brain cells and spinal cord.
4.Involve in pigment synthesis: As a tyrosinase cofactor, tyrosine is converted into premelanosome. Copper deficiency leads to a decrease in tyrosinase activity, and the process of tyrosine conversion into melanin is blocked, resulting in fading of fur and decreased hair quality.
Copper deficiency: anemia, decreased hair quality, fractures, osteoporosis, or bone deformities
Product Efficacy
- No.1 Higher BioavailabilityTBCC is a safer product and more available to broilers than copper sulfate,and it is chemically less active than copper sulfate in promoting the oxidation of vitamin E in feed.
- No.2 TBCC could increase activities of AKP and ACP and affect intestinal microflora structure, though leading to a status of increasing copper accumulation in tissues.
- No.3 TBCC could also improve antioxidant activities, immune responses.
- No.4 TBCC is insoluble in water, does not absorb moisture, and has good mixing uniformity
Comparison Between Alpfa TBCC and Beta TBCC
|
Item |
Alpfa TBCC |
Beta TBCC |
| Crystal forms | Atacamite and Paratacamite | Botallackite |
| Dioxins and PCBS | Controlled | Controlled |
| Global research literature and article of bioavailability of TBCC | From alpha TBCC，European regulations indicated only allow alpha TBCC to be sold in the Eu | Very little articles did based on beta TBCC |
| Caking and color changed problems | Alpha TBCC crystal is stable and does not caking and color changed. Shelf life is two -three years . | Beta TBCC shelf year is two year. |
| Production process | Alpha TBCC requires strict production process (such as pH, temperature, ion concentration, etc.), and the synthesis conditions are very strictly | Beta TBCC is a simple acid-base neutralization reaction with loose synthesis conditions |
| Mixing uniformity | Fine particle size and smaller specific gravity, resulting in better mixing uniformity during feed production | With coarse particles and significant weight which hard to mixing uniformity. |
| Appearance | Light green powder, good fluidity, and no caking | Dark green powder, good fluidity, and no caking |
| Crystalline structure | α-form，porous structure, conducive to removing impurities | Beta-form porous structure, conducive to removing impurities) |
Alpfa TBCC
Atacmite tetragonal crystal structure is stable
Paratacamite trigonal crystal structure is stable
Stable structure, and good fluidity, Uneasy caking and long storage cycle
Strict requirement for production process, and strict control of dioxin and PCB, Fine grain size and good homogeneity
Comparison of Diffraction Patterns of α-TBCC versus American TBCC
Fig. 1 Identification and comparison of diffraction pattern of Sustar α-TBCC (Batch 1)
Fig. 2 Identification and comparison of diffraction pattern of Sustar α-TBCC (Batch 2)
Sustar α-TBCC has the same crystal morphology as American TBCC
| Sustar
α-TBCC |
Atacmite |
Paratacamite |
| Batch 1 | 57% | 43% |
| Batch 2 | 63% | 37% |
Beta TBCC
The Paratacamite trigonal crystal structure is stable
The thermodynamic data show that the Botallackite has good stability
β-TBCC is mainly composed of Botallackite, but also includes a small amount of oxychlorite
Good fluidity, easy to mix
Production technology belongs to the acid and alkali neutralization reaction . High production efficiency
Fine particle size, good uniformity
Advantages of Hydroxylated Trace Minerals
Ionic bond
Cu2+ and SO42- are linked by ionic bonds, and the weak bond strength makes copper sulfate extremely soluble in water and highly reactive in feed and animal bodies.
Covalent bond
Hydroxyl groups covalently bind to metal elements to ensure the stability of minerals in feed and animal upper gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, their utilization ratio of target organs is improved.
The importance of chemical bond strength
Too strong = Cannot be used by animals Too weak = If it becomes free in feed and animal body prematurely, metal ions will react with other nutrients in feed, making mineral elements and nutrients inactive. Therefore, the covalent bond determines its role in the appropriate time and place.
Characteristics of TBCC
1. Low water absorption: It effectively prevents TBCC from moisture absorption, caking, and oxidative deterioration, improves feed quality, and is easier to transport and preserve when sold to humid countries and regions.
2. Good mixing homogeneity: Due to its small particles and good fluidity, it is easier to mix well in the feed and prevents animals from copper poisoning.
α≤30° represents good fluidity
(Zhang ZJ et al. Acta Nutri Sin, 2008)
3. Less nutrient loss: Cu2+ is covalently linked to achieve structural stability, which can weaken the oxidation of vitamins, phytase, and fats in feed.
(Zhang ZJ et al. Acta Nutri Sin, 2008)
4. High bioavailability: It releases slowly and less Cu2+ in the stomach, reduces its binding to molybdic acid, has higher bioavailability, and has no antagonistic effect on FeSO4 and ZnSO4 during absorption.
(Spear et al., Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004)
5. Good palatability: Among the factors affecting animal feed intake, dietary palatability is increasingly valued and expressed through feed intake. The pH value of copper sulfate is between 2 and 3, with poor palatability. The pH of TBCC is close to neutral, with good palatability.
Compared with CuSO4 as the source of Cu, TBCC is the best alternative
CuSO4
Raw materials
At present, the raw materials for the production of copper sulfate mainly include metal copper, copper concentrate, oxidized ores and copper-nickel slag
Chemical structure
Cu2+ and SO42- are linked by ionic bonds, and the bond strength is weak, which makes the product extremely soluble in water and highly reactive in animals
Absorption effect
It begins to dissolve in the mouth, with low absorption rate
Tribasic copper chloride
Raw materials
It is a by-product produced in high-tech industries; the copper in the copper solution is the cleanest and most consistent
Chemical structure
Covalent bond linking can protect the stability of minerals in feed and animal gut and improve the utilization rate of Cu in target organs
Absorption effect
It dissolves directly in the stomach, with higher absorption rate
Application Effect of TBCC in Animal Husbandry Production
The average body weight gain of broilers is significantly increased when the addition of TBCC is increased.
(Wang et al., 2019)
The addition of TBCC can significantly reduce the depth of small intestinal crypt, enhance the secretory function, and improve the health of intestinal function
(Coble et al., 2019)
When 9 mg/kg TBCC is added, the feed conversion ratio could be significantly increased and the breeding efficiency could be improved
(Shao et al., 2012)
Compared to other copper sources, the addition of TBCC (20 mg/kg) can improve the daily weight gain of cattle and enhance the digestion and metabolism of the rumen.
(Engle et al., 2000)
Adding TBCC can significantly increase the daily weight gain and feed-gain ratio of sheep and improve the breeding efficiency.
(Cheng JB et al., 2008)
Economic Benefits
CuSO4 cost
Feed cost per ton 0.1kg * CIF usd/kg =
When the same amount of copper source is provided, the utilization rate of Cu in TBCC products is higher and the cost can be reduced.
TBCC cost
Feed cost per ton 0.0431kg * CIF usd/kg =
A large number of experiments have proved that it has the advantages of lower usage and better growth-promoting effect for pigs.
RDA of TBCC
| Addition, in mg/kg (by element) | |||
| Animal breed | Domestically recommended | Maximum tolerance limit | Sustar recommended |
| Pig | 3-6 | 125 (Piglet) | 6.0-15.0 |
| Broiler | 6-10 | 8.0- 15.0 | |
| Cattle | 15 (Pre-ruminant) | 5-10 | |
| 30 (Other cattle) | 10-25 | ||
| Sheep | 15 | 5-10 | |
| Goat | 35 | 10-25 | |
| Crustaceans | 50 | 15-30 | |
| Others | 25 | ||
Top Choice of International Grop
Sustar group has decades-long partnership with CP Group, Cargill, DSM, ADM,Deheus ,Nutreco,New Hope ,Haid,Tongwei and some other TOP 100 big feed company.
Our Superiority
A Reliable Partner
Research and development capabilities
Integrating the talents of the team to build Lanzhi Institute of Biology
In order to promote and influence the development of livestock industry at home and abroad, Xuzhou Animal Nutrition Institute , Tongshan District Government, Sichuan Agricultural University and Jiangsu Sustar, the four sides established Xuzhou Lianzhi Biotechnology Research Institute in December 2019.
Professor Yu Bing of Animal Nutrition Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University served as the dean, Professor Zheng Ping and Professor Tong Gaogao served as the deputy dean. Many professors of Animal Nutrition Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University helped the expert team to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the animal husbandry industry and promote the development of the industry.
As a member of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Feed Industry and the winner of China Standard Innovation Contribution Award, Sustar has participated in drafting or revising 13 national or industrial product standards and 1 method standard since 1997.
Sustar has passed the ISO9001 and ISO22000 system certification FAMI-QS product certification, obtained 2 invention patents, 13 utility model patents, accepted 60 patents, and passed the "Standardization of intellectual property management system", and was recognized as a national-level new high-tech enterprise.
Our premixed feed production line and drying equipment are in the leading position in the industry. Sustar has high performance liquid chromatograph, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer, atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer and other major testing instruments, complete and advanced configuration.
We has more than 30 animal nutritionists, animal veterinarians, chemical analysts, equipment engineers and senior professionals in feed processing, research and development, laboratory testing, to provide customers with a full range of services from formula development, product production, inspection, testing, product program integration and application and so on.
Quality inspection
We provide test reports for each batch of our products, such as heavy metals and microbial residues. Each batch of dioxins and PCBS complies with EU standards. To ensure safety and compliance.
Assist customers to complete the regulatory compliance of feed additives in different countries, such as the registration and filing in the EU, USA, South America, Middle East and other markets.
Production Capacity
Main product production capacity
Copper sulfate-15,000 tons/year
TBCC -6,000 tons/year
TBZC -6,000 tons/year
Potassium chloride -7,000 tons/year
Glycine chelate series -7,000 tons/year
Small peptide chelate series-3,000 tons/year
Manganese sulfate -20,000 tons /year
Ferrous sulfate-20,000 tons/year
Zinc sulfate -20,000 tons/year
Premix (Vitamin/Minerals)-60,000 tons/year
More than 35 years history with five factory
Sustar group has five factories in China ,with annual capacity up to 200,000 tonns, covering totally 34,473 square meters，220 employees.And we’re an FAMI-QS/ISO/GMP certified company .
Customized Services
Customize Purity Level
Our company has a number of products have a wide variety of purity levels, especially to support our customers to do customized services, according to your needs. For example, our product DMPT is available in 98%, 80%, and 40% purity options; Chromium picolinate can be provided with Cr 2%-12%; and L-selenomethionine can be provided with Se 0.4%-5%.
Custom Packaging
According to your design requirements, you can customize the logo, size, shape, and pattern of the outer packaging
No one-size-fits-all formula? We tailor it for you!
We are well aware that there are differences in raw materials, farming patterns and management levels in different regions. Our technical service team can provide you with one to one formula customization service.
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