Common Micronutrient Deficiencies in Layer Farming and Suggestions for Supplementation
1. Iron
Iron deficiency causes Layer nutritional anemia, and chickens present with pale crests and beard, listlessness, growth retardation, and reduced egg production and quality. In severe cases, it is difficult to breathe.
The effect of iron deficiency on eggs: the color of the yolk is lighter (iron is a component of hemoglobin and indirectly affects pigment deposition).
Products recommended for iron supplementation
		    
			
		    
			2.Zinc
Zinc deficiency causes Layer feathers to grow poorly, dishevelled and easily broken, and skin scales, especially on the feet.
Zinc deficiency causes thick and short Layer long bones and enlarged joints.
Zinc deficiency leads to a decrease in Layer egg production, a thinner shell, and an increase in deformed eggs. The hatching rate of the eggs was low, and there were many weak chicks.
Zinc deficiency can lead to decreased immune function of Layer and susceptibility to secondary infection.
Products recommended for Zinc supplementation
3. Selenium and VE(both synergistic effects, often considered together)
Selenium deficiency and VE cause blue-green edematous fluid under the Layer, especially in the chest, abdomen, and legs, resulting from increased capillary permeability.
Se deficiency and VE cause fibrosis of the Layer pancreas, severely retarded growth and dyspepsia in chicks.
Selenium deficiency and VE cause the muscles of Layer's leukomyopathy (especially the pectoralis and leg muscles) to be pale, degenerate, and show striate necrosis, leading to movement disorders.
Se deficiency and VE can lead to Layer reproductive disorders and decreased egg production and hatching rates
Products recommended for Selenium and VE supplementation
		    
			
		    
			4.Copper
Copper deficiency causes Layer anemia, which is required for iron absorption and hemoglobin synthesis, and copper deficiency also causes anemia with symptoms similar to iron deficiency.
Copper deficiency can lead to Layer bone deformities, which are involved in bone collagen synthesis, and copper deficiency can lead to bone fragility, enlarged joints, and fractures.
Copper deficiency causes abnormal Layer feathers, which grow poorly, fade, and lack luster.
Copper deficiency can lead to the decrease of Layer egg production, the egg production rate is significantly reduced, the egg shell quality is worse, and thin shell eggs and shapeless eggs appear.
Products recommended for Copper supplementation
5.Iodine
Iodine deficiency causes Layer goiter, and iodine deficiency leads to compensatory hyperplasia of the thyroid gland, where the enlarged thyroid gland can be felt at the neck.
Iodine deficiency leads to Layer hypometabolism, lethargy, lethargy, cold intolerance, and decreased egg production.
Iodine deficiency can reduce the hatching rate of Layer eggs and increase the number of late dead embryos.
Products recommended for Iodine supplementation
		    
			
		    
			6.Manganese
Manganese deficiency can lead to Layer sliding tendinopathy, which is the most characteristic symptom of manganese deficiency. It was manifested as the tibia (tarsal joint) was thick and deformed, and the Achilles tendon slipped from the ankle process, resulting in leg bone bending, paralysis, and inability to stand.
Mn deficiency leads to a decrease in Layer eggshell mass, egg production, eggshell thinning, reduced strength, and a sharp decrease in hatching rate.
Manganese deficiency can lead to Layer reproductive disorders, high embryonic mortality at the late stage of hatching, and neurological symptoms such as dyskinesia often occur in hatched chicks.
Products recommended for Copper supplementation
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In order to promote and influence the development of livestock industry at home and abroad, Xuzhou Animal Nutrition Institute , Tongshan District Government, Sichuan Agricultural University and Jiangsu Sustar, the four sides established Xuzhou Lianzhi Biotechnology Research Institute in December 2019.
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Copper sulfate-15,000 tons/year
TBCC -6,000 tons/year
TBZC -6,000 tons/year
Potassium chloride -7,000 tons/year
Glycine chelate series -7,000 tons/year
Small peptide chelate series-3,000 tons/year
Manganese sulfate -20,000 tons /year
Ferrous sulfate-20,000 tons/year
Zinc sulfate -20,000 tons/year
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